BOTANICAL SURVEY by Joshua Styles MCIEEM AMRSB
This survey of the North Wirral Foreshore at Hoylake started in February 2020. Further seasonal surveys will be undertaken each year.
The survey will record species that occur across the full extent of Hoylake beach and will compare and contrast year-on-year species diversity and the number of notable species and should help inform future management and conservation designations for the site.
Some rare species recorded at Hoylake this year, such as Yellow Glasswort (Salicornia fragilis), have not been seen for many years.
Indeed, not only is Whorl-grass (Catabrosa aquatica) Red-list Vulnerable in England, it was last seen on Hoylake beach in 1895, over 120 years ago!
As the beach continues to change, ongoing surveillance could reveal a recovery in these and many other rare species’ populations.
As a further observation, many of the plant species now growing on the Hoylake beach are intolerant of brackish conditions. Marsh Arrowgrass (Triglochin palustre) and Whorl-grass (Catabrosa aquatica) are very intolerant of saline conditions, indicated by very low Ellenberg values for salinity (S=2 and S=1, respectively).
This is in complete contradiction to the existing SSSI citation as it stands, and is a clear indicator of dune development following significant accretion.
Joshua Styles BSc (Hons.)
MCIEEM AMRSB
NWRPI Project Coordinator and Ecologist
NB This survey has been conducted on a voluntary basis.
North Wirral Foreshore [Hoylake] Botanical Survey
The DAFOR scale represents the relative abundance of each species found:
D = Dominant; A = Abundant, LF = Locally Frequent, F = Frequent, O = Occasional, R = Rare
ELLENBERG salt values are an indicator of whether or not grasses favour fresh, brackish or saltwater environments:
9 = Very salt tolerant; 0 = Salt intolerant
Why this is important
By monitoring these two values together (DAFOR; relative species abundance and ELLENBERG; species salt tolerance), we can calculate relative changes in overall salt levels across the site over time; a useful indicator of habitat change as a consequence of sand accretion (as is happening at Hoylake) or erosion.
It is also an indicator at Hoylake of a shift from dominance of waterborne silt deposition to a dominance of windblown sand deposition.
| English name | Scientific name | 16.02.20 | 02.07.20 | 27.09.20 | 31.05.21 | 06.09.21 | 26.03.22 | 15.08.22 | 21.05.23 | Ellenberg value (salt) | Notable species | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bryum sp. | Bryum sp. | R | R | O | 0 | |||||||
| Bryum | Bryum dichotomum agg. | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Beard-moss | Didymodon sp. | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Common Liverwort | Marchantia polymorpha | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Fern-leaved Hook-moss | Cratoneuron filicinum | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Pointed Spear-moss | Calliergonella cuspidata | R | ||||||||||
| Rough-stalked Feather-moss | Brachythecium rutabulum | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| a Dandelion | Taraxacum sect. Celtica | R | 1 | |||||||||
| a Dandelion | Taraxacum sect. Hamata | R | R | R | R | 1 | ||||||
| a Dandelion | Taraxacum sect. Naevosa | R | 1 | |||||||||
| a Dandelion | Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia | R | R | R | O | O | O | O | 1 | |||
| Alder | Alnus glutinosa | R | 0 | |||||||||
| American Willowherb | Epilobium ciliatum | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Annual Meadow-grass | Poa annua | O | R | R | O | F | F | F | F | 1 | ||
| Annual Sea Blite | Suaeda maritima | R | R | LF | R | LF | 7 | |||||
| Annual Wall-rocket | Diplotaxis muralis | R | R | R | O | O | 1 | |||||
| Atlantic Ivy | Hedera hibernica | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Babbington's Orache | Atriplex glabriuscula | R | R | 3 | ||||||||
| Barren Brome | Anisantha sterilis | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Beggarticks | Bidens frondosa | R | R | |||||||||
| Biting Stonecrop | Sedum acre | R | 1 | |||||||||
| Black Medick | Medicago lupulina | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Borage | Borago officinalis | R | ||||||||||
| Branched Bur-reed | Sparganium erectum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Broad-leaved Dock | Rumex obtusifolius | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Broad-leaved Willowherb | Epilobium montanum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Buck's-horn Plantain | Plantago coronopus | F | LF | LF | LF | O | O | O | O | 2 | ||
| Buddleja | Buddleja davidii | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Bulbous Buttercup | Ranunculus bulbosus | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Buttonweed | Cotula coronopifolia | LF | LF | O | LF | LF | LA | LF | 4 | |||
| Canadian Fleabane | Erigeron canadensis | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Celery-leaved Buttercup | Ranunculus sceleratus | R | R | R | R | O | R | R | R | 2 | ||
| Charlock | Sinapsis arvensis | R | R | |||||||||
| Cleavers | Galium aparine | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Clustered Dock | Rumex conglomeratus | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Cock's-foot | Dactylis glomerata | O | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Coltsfoot | Tussilago farfara | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Common Bird's-foot Trefoil | Lotus corniculatus | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Common Cat's-ear | Hypochaeris radicata | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Common Chickweed | Stellaria media | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Common Cord-grass | Spartina anglica | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 7 | ||
| Common Couch | Elymus repens | R | R | 2 | ||||||||
| Common Daisy | Bellis perennis | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Common Duckweed | Lemna minor | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Common Glasswort | Salicornia europaea | R | R | R | 9 | |||||||
| Common Field Speedwell | Veronica persica | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Common Groundsel | Senecio vulgaris ssp. vulgaris | R | R | R | F | R | O | O | 0 | |||
| Common Knotgrass | Polygonum aviculare agg. | R | R | LF | R | LF | O | 0 | ||||
| Common Mallow | Malva sylvestris | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Common Mouse-ear | Cerastium fontanum | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Common Nettle | Urtica dioica | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Common Orache | Atriplex patula | R | R | R | R | 2 | ||||||
| Common Poppy | Papaver rhoeas | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||
| Common Ragwort | Jacobaea vulgaris | R | R | R | O | O | 0 | |||||
| Common Reed | Phragmites australis | R | LF | R | O | LF | 2 | |||||
| Common Restharrow | Ononis repens | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Common Saltmarsh-grass | Puccinellia maritima | F | A | A | LA | LA | LA | LA | F | 5 | ||
| Cornsalad sp. | Valerianella sp. | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Creeping Bent | Agrostis stolonifera | R | O | O | O | O | 1 | |||||
| Creeping Buttercup | Ranunculus repens | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Creeping Thistle | Cirsium arvense | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Crested Dog's-tail | Cynosurus cristatus | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Cuckooflower | Cardamine pratensis | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Curled Dock | Rumex crispus | O | O | O | F | LF | LF | F | 2 | |||
| Cut-leaved Dandelion | Taraxacum lacistophyllum | R | R | O | R | O | 1 | |||||
| Danish Scurvygrass | Cochlearia danica | LF | LF | LF | R | LF | LF | O | O | 4 | ||
| Dock sp. | Rumex sp. | O | ||||||||||
| Dove's-foot Crane's-bill | Geranium molle | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Duke of Argyll's Tea Plant | Lycium barbarum | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Eastern Rocket | Sisymbrium orientale | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| English Scurvygrass | Cochlearia anglica/anglica x officinalis | R | R | R | O | 6 | ||||||
| False Fox-sedge | Carex otrubae | R | R | R | O | O | 2 | |||||
| False Oat-grass | Arrhenatherum elatius | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Fat-hen | Chenopodium album | R | R | R | 1 | |||||||
| Field Horsetail | Equisetum arvense | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Flax | Linum usitatissimum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Fleabane sp. | Erigeron sp. | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Floating Sweet-grass | Glyceria fluitans | LF | O | O | R | 0 | ||||||
| Fool's Watercress | Apium nodiflorum | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Frog Rush | Juncus ranarius | LF | LF | LF | R | F | F | 1 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | ||
| Frosted Orache | Atriplex laciniata | R | R | 3 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | ||||||
| Garden Angelica | Angelica archangelica | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Glasswort sp. | Salicornia sp. | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 9 | YES | Both Purple and Long-spiked Glassworts are rare on Wirral peninsula |
| Goat Willow | Salix caprea | LF | R | O | O | 0 | ||||||
| Grass-leaved Orache | Atriplex littoralis | R | R | R | O | R | R | 4 | ||||
| Great Willowherb | Epilobium hirsutum | R | O | O | O | O | 0 | |||||
| Greater Plantain | Plantago major | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Greater Bulrush | Typha latifolia | R | R | R | O | 0 | ||||||
| Greater Sea Spurrey | Spergularia media | O | O | R | R | R | 5 | |||||
| Grey Club-rush | Schoenoplectus tabernaimontani | R | R | R | 3 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI). Very rare on Wirral and on Cheshire's Rare Plant Register | |||||
| Grey Willow | Salix cinerea | O | 0 | |||||||||
| Gypsywort | Lycopus europaeus | O | R | R | O | 0 | ||||||
| Hairy Bitter-cress | Cardamine hirsuta | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Hard-grass | Parapholis strigosa | LF | LF | O | O | F | F | 5 | ||||
| Hard Rush | Juncus inflexus | R | 1 | |||||||||
| Hedge Bindweed | Calystegia sepium | R | 1 | |||||||||
| Hedge Mustard | Sisymbrium officinale | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Hemlock Water-dropwort | Oenanthe crocata | R | O | R | R | O | 1 | |||||
| Herb-Robert | Geranium robertianum | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Hoary Mustard | Hirschfeldia incana | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Hoary Willowherb | Epilobium parviflorum | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Hybrid Dock | Rumex x pratensis | R | ||||||||||
| Hybrid Orache | A. x hulmeana | R | 2 | |||||||||
| Hybrid Orache | Atriplex x gustafssoniana | O | 2 | |||||||||
| Hybrid Sedge | Carex x pseudoaxillaris | R | YES | Nationally scarce | ||||||||
| Hybrid Willow | Salix x reichardtii | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Hybrid Willow | Salix x fragilis | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Ivy-leaved Speedwell | Veronica hederifolia | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Ivy-leaved Toadflax | Cymbalaria muralis | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Japanese Rose | Rosa rugosa | R | 2 | |||||||||
| Jointed Rush | Juncus articulatus | R | R | R | R | O | 1 | |||||
| Kidney Vetch | Anthyllis vulneraria | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Lesser Chickweed | Stellaria pallida | R | R | R | O | R | R | 0 | YES | Rare in Cheshire Vice County | ||
| Lesser Hawkbit | Leontodon saxatilis | R | R | O | 0 | |||||||
| Lesser Mouse-ear | Cerastium semidecandrum | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Lesser Sea-spurrey | Spergularia marina | O | R | R | 5 | |||||||
| Lesser Trefoil | Trifolium dubium | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Lesser Water-parnsip | Berula erecta | R | R | 0 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | ||||||
| Long-bracted Sedge | Carex extensa | R | R | R | R | O | O | LF | 4 | |||
| Long-headed Poppy | Papaver dubium | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Long-spiked Glasswort | Salicornia dolichostachya | R | 9 | YES | Both Purple and Long-spiked Glassworts are rare on Wirral peninsula | |||||||
| Long-stalked Orache | Atriplex longipes | R | 4 | YES | New to both Wirral and the Vice County. Very rare in the region and nationally scarce. | |||||||
| Lyme-grass | Leymus arenarius | R | R | LF | LF | F | F | 3 | ||||
| Marram | Ammophila arenaria | R | R | R | R | O | R | 3 | ||||
| Marsh Arrowgrass | Triglochin palustre | LF | LF | F | LA | LA | LA | LA | 2 | YES | Near-Threatened in England | |
| Marsh Foxtail | Alopecurus geniculatus | R | R | R | R | O | 1 | |||||
| Marsh Yellow-cress | Rorippa palustris | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Mind-your-own-business | Soleirolia soleirolii | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Mugwort | Artemisia vulgaris | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Narrow-fruited Watercress | Nasturtium cf. microphyllum | O | 0 | |||||||||
| Nodding Bur-marigold | Bidens cernua | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Night-scented Stock | Matthiola longipetala | R | R | R | R | R | 1 | |||||
| Oat | Avena sativa | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Orange Balsam | Impatiens capensis | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Orache sp. | Atriplex sp. | R | ||||||||||
| Osier | Salix viminalis | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Pale Persicaria | Persicaria lapathifolia | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Parsley Water-dropwort | Oenanthe lachenalii | R | O | 3 | YES | Near-Threatened in England and Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | ||||||
| Pellitory-of-the-wall | Parietaria judaica | R | R | R | R | O | R | R | R | 1 | ||
| Pendulous Sedge | Carex pendula | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Perennial Rye-grass | Lolium perenne | O | O | O | LF | LF | LF | LF | 0 | |||
| Perennial Sow-thistle | Sonchus arvensis | R | R | O | 1 | |||||||
| Petty Spurge | Euphorbia peplus | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Pineappleweed | Matricaria discoidea | R | R | R | O | R | R | R | 0 | |||
| Poplar sp. | Populus sp. | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Prickly Saltwort | Salsola kali | R | R | 3 | YES | Red-list Vulnerable in Great Britain, rare in Cheshire Vice County, SCI | ||||||
| Prickly Sow-thistle | Sonchus asper | R | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||
| Procumbent Pearlwort | Sagina procumbens | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 1 | ||
| Purple Toadflax | Linaria purpurea | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Purple Glasswort | Salicornia ramosissima | R | R | R | 9 | YES | Both Purple and Long-spiked Glassworts are rare on Wirral peninsula | |||||
| Rape | Brassica napus | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Ray's Knotgrass | Polygonum oxyspermum ssp. raii | R | R | R | F | R | F | LF | 3 | YES | Nationally Scarce | |
| Redshank | Persicaria maculosa | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Red Bartsia | Odontites vernus | R | R | 3 | ||||||||
| Red Goosefoot | Chenopodium rubrum | R | 1 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | |||||||
| Red Fescue | Festuca rubra | R | R | R | O | R | O | O | 2 | |||
| Red Valerian | Centranthus ruber | R | R | R | R | R | 1 | |||||
| Remote Sedge | Carex remota | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Reed Canary-grass | Phalaris arundinacea | R | R | R | R | R | R | 1 | ||||
| Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass | Puccinellia distans | O | O | O | F | O | O | R | 4 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | |
| Ribwort Plantain | Plantago lanceolata | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Rock Samphire | Crithmum maritimum | R | R | 5 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | ||||||
| Rosebay Willowherb | Chamaenerion angustifolium | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Rough Meadow-grass | Poa trivialis | R | O | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Saltmarsh Rush | Juncus gerardii | R | R | R | R | 3 | ||||||
| Sand Couch | Elymus junceiformis | R | R | R | O | O | O | O | O | 0 | ||
| Sand Sedge | Carex arenaria | R | R | R | 1 | |||||||
| Scentless Mayweed | Tripleurospermum inodorum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Sea / Lesser Mouse-ear | Cerastium diffusum / semidecandrum | R | R | R | R | R | R | 1 | ||||
| Sea Arrowgrass | Triglochin maritima | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | 4 | |||
| Sea Aster | Aster tripolium | LF | LF | LF | O | O | O | O | O | 5 | ||
| Sea Beet | Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima | R | R | R | R | O | R | R | R | 3 | ||
| Sea Campion | Silene uniflora | R | 3 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England, listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) and Rare Plant Register species | |||||||
| Sea Clubrush | Bolboschoenus maritimus | O | O | O | F | LF | F | F | 4 | |||
| Sea Couch | Elymus athericus | R | R | R | O | R | R | 4 | ||||
| Sea Fern-grass | Catapodium marinum | R | R | R | 1 | |||||||
| Sea-holly | Eryngium maritimum | R | R | R | 3 | YES | Near-Threatened in England. | |||||
| Sea Kale | Crambe maritima | R | 3 | YES | Rare Plant Register species | |||||||
| Sea Mayweed | Tripleurospermum maritimum | O | O | O | F | LF | LF | 1 | ||||
| Sea Milkwort | Lysimachia maritima | LF | LF | O | O | O | LF | LF | 4 | |||
| Sea Pearlwort | Sagina maritima | R | R | R | R | 4 | ||||||
| Sea Plantain | Plantago maritima | O | O | O | O | R | R | R | R | 3 | ||
| Sea Purslane | Atriplex portulacoides | R | R | R | R | R | R | 6 | ||||
| Sea Raddish | Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England. Listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | |
| Sea Rocket | Cakile maritima | R | R | R | O | R | O | O | 3 | |||
| Sea Rush | Juncus maritimus | R | R | R | R | 5 | ||||||
| Sea Sandwort | Honckenya peploides | R | 3 | |||||||||
| Sea Spurge | Euphorbia paralias | R | 3 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England. Listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | |||||||
| Seaside Daisy | Erigeron glaucus | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Sedge sp. | Carex sp. | R | ||||||||||
| Selfheal | Prunella vulgaris | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Shepherd's Purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Short Fruited Willowherb | Epilobium obscurum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Silverweed | Argentina anserina | R | R | 2 | ||||||||
| Smooth Hawk's-beard | Crepis capillaris | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Smooth Sow-thistle | Sonchus oleraceus | R | R | R | O | O | O | O | R | 0 | ||
| Soft Brome | Bromus hordeaceus | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Soft Rush | Juncus effusus | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Spear-leaved Orache | Atriplex prostrata | R | R | O | F | F | 2 | |||||
| Spear Thistle | Cirsium vulgare | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Spreading Meadow-grass | Poa humilis | R | 2 | |||||||||
| Sticky Mouse-ear | Cerastium glomeratum | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Strawberry Clover | Trifolium fragiferum | R | R | 2 | YES | Vulnerable in England and Species of Conservation Importance for NW England. Listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | ||||||
| Sunflower | Helianthus annuus | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||||
| Sweet Alison | Lobularia maritima | R | R | 3 | ||||||||
| Sycamore | Acer pseudoplatanus | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Tall Ramping-fumitory | Fumaria bastardii | R | 0 | YES | Species of Conservation Importance for NW England. Listed within the NW Biodiversity Audit (1999) (SCI) | |||||||
| Thrift | Armeria maritima | R | R | R | R | O | 3 | YES | Rare at Vice County level - | |||
| Timothy | Phleum pratense | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Toad Rush | Juncus bufonius | O | O | O | F | R | R | O | 1 | |||
| Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Trailing Bellflower | Campanula poscharskyana | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Tree Mallow | Malva arborea | R | R | R | 3 | |||||||
| Trifid Bur-marigold | Bidens tripartita | R | LF | LF | O | 0 | ||||||
| Tufted Forget-me-not | Myosotis cf. laxa | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Wall Barley | Hordeum murinum | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | 0 | |||
| Water Bent | Polypogon viridis | R | R | R | O | R | R | R | ||||
| Water Forget-me-not | Myosotis scorpioides | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Water Pepper | Persicaria hydropiper | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Watercress agg. | Nasturtium officinale agg. | O | R | R | O | R | O | R | R | 0 | ||
| Wheat | Triticum aestivum | R | 0 | |||||||||
| White Clover | Trifolium repens | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| White Comfrey | Symphytum orientale | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| White Willow | Salix alba | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| White Stonecrop | Sedum album | R | R | R | R | 0 | ||||||
| Whorl-grass | Catabrosa aquatica subsp. minor | F | F | F | F | F | LF | LF | 1 | YES | Red-list Vulnerable in England. Rare in Cheshire Vice County SCI. 2nd record for Wirral. Last recorded for Hoylake in 1895. Second English extant site. | |
| Wild Turnip/Rape | Brassica sp. | R | R | 0 | ||||||||
| Willow sp. | Salix sp. | R | R | R | 0 | |||||||
| Willowherb sp. | Epilobium sp. | R | R | R | R | R | LF | 0 | ||||
| Wood Dock | Rumex sanguineus | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Woody Nightshade | Solanum dulcamara | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Yarrow | Achillea millefolium | R | 0 | |||||||||
| Yellow Glasswort | Salicornia fragilis | R | 9 | YES | Nationally scarce. Last recorded for Hoylake pre-2000 | |||||||
| Yellow Iris | Iris pseudacorus | R | R | O | O | 1 | ||||||
| Yorkshire-fog | Holcus lanatus | R | 0 |
Common Saltmarsh Grass (Puccinellia maritima)
Sea Plantain (Plantago maritima)
Samphire (Salicornia sp.)
Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Sea Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp maritima)
Redshank (Persicaria maculosa)
Sea Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp maritima)
Spear-leaved Orache (Atriplex prostrata)
Puccinellia maritima: red stems and long, floppy green ‘leaves’.
Sea Mayweed (Tripleurospermum maritimum)
Sea Holly (Eryngium maritimum)
Hordeum murinum (Wall barley)
English Scurvy-grass (Cochlearia anglica)
European Searocket (Cakile maritima)
Common Cord Grass (Spartina anglica)
Purple Glasswort (Salicornia ramosissima)
Sea Club Rush (Bolboschoenus maritimus)